mk asked:


The question was: To what extent did the natural environment shape the developement of the West beyond the Mississippi and the lives of those who settled there?

This is my Essay( i had to use 2 documents):
Throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, many Americans considered the lands west of the Mississippi as the “Great American Desert” and unfit for civilization. However, by the mid-1840s, migrants from the eastern United States transformed this Great American Desert into a fruitful land awaiting settlement and civilization known as the “frontier.” The development of the frontier was the result of the mass population of the many different regions of the Far West. These regions were diverse in climate as well as in natural resources and, as a result, attracted different types of settlers. The wide-ranging natural landscape of the Far West offered promising lifestyles to those who chose the occupations of farmers, cattle ranchers, and miners. These groups helped to develop the western United States.
Farming quickly became a popular occupation for migrants from the eastern United States. First, farming became an attractive occupation because of the successful cultivation of the Great Plains. Settlers were attracted by the shortgrass pastures for cattle and sheep, the sod of the plains, and by the meadowlands of the mountains that could be found in this region. An influx in rainfall after the 1870s turned the formerly barren plains into workable farmland. The initial journey westward for farmers was by wagon or cart. These journeys were often very difficult and dangerous. A detailed account of such a journey can be read in Document C of the DBQ. L.R. Hafen was a hard cart pioneer on an 1846-1847 trek to Salt Lake City. The development of the railroad made the idea of farming much more attractive. Second, the idea of the farmer’s lifestyle was that of the sturdy, independent farmer. However, as drought and debt plagued the farmlands of the Great Plains in the late nineteenth century, fewer farmers sought to be independent and more sought to be commercial. The lifestyle of the commercial farmer was reasonably better and less self-sufficient than that of the independent farmer; however, they were still plagued by overproduction and economic distress. Third, the settlement of farmers contributed to the development of the west in different ways. Farmers helped to create new markets and new outposts of commercial agriculture in the Great Plains for the nation’s growing economy. The independent farmer began by cultivating the land and selling to national markets while the commercial farmers expanded farming and sold cash crops in national and world markets.
Farming was a reasonably established occupation in the Great Plains; however, cattle ranching also became very prominent in this region. Initially, the vast grasslands of the Great Plains were attractive to cattle ranchers. The open range was a huge domain wherein cattle raisers could graze their herds free of charge and unrestricted by the boundaries of public farms. In Document A of the DBQ a map of the Western United States can be observed. This map exhibits the vast open ranges of the Great Plains on which cattle ranchers would roam. This occupation was particularly appealing to veterans of the Confederate army and African Americans who had been dislocated after the Civil War. Next, the cattle ranchers enjoyed a life of solitary adventure among the vast plains. Every cattle rancher operated from a permanent ranch. These ranches started out small but grew and became more defined as the cattle ranchers were forced to compete with farmers for possession of land in the Great Plains. Finally, the cattle ranchers contributed to the economic development of the west by connecting the cattle industry of the west to the markets of the east. Ranchers combined their herds and drove them on “long drives” for profit. Cattle ranchers began to expand farther west and created a sturdy relationship with eastern corporations that funded them.
Cattle ranching was a prominent occupation in West in the years after the Civil War; however, mining also offered substantial and quick profits to settlers. To begin, miners were first attracted to the West by the description of mineral-rich mountains and plateaus. Settlers hoped to make quick fortunes by finding precious metals. The ideal mining areas of California, Colorado, Nevada, and South Dakota were in particular attractive to mass groups of miners. Next, the lifestyle of a miner was hectic and unsound. Very few miners every really “struck it rich” and because mineral deposits were exhausted so quickly boomtowns substituted as the mining community. When one deposit was exhausted the town would pack up and travel to wherever the next mineral boom had sprung up. The lifestyle of a miner depended solely on wherever the next mineral vein would be discovered. Lastly, the settlements of western miners largely contributed to the economic development of the west. Many successful mines were uncovered and made large profits in the markets of gold, silver, quartz, copper, zinc, and other valuable minerals. Boomtowns explored the frontier and expanded Anglo-American settlement while contributing to the growing industrial economy of the East.
Farmers, cattle ranchers, and miners truly helped to expand the development of the western frontier by tying this region to the growing industrial economy of the East. The promising natural environment attracted these settlers with its fertile farming areas, wide-open ranges, and rich mineral deposits. Settlers adjusted to their environments accordingly and worked the natural environment to successfully develop the Far West. The many natural attractions of the West during the mid-1840s were significant to the settlement and development beyond the Mississippi.

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greenfroggy489 asked:


from cliffs notes…
One morning, Lydia mentions that Darcy was present at her wedding. Intensely curious about Darcy’s involvement in her sister’s marriage, Elizabeth writes to her aunt to demand more information. Mrs. Gardiner quickly replies, explaining that it was Darcy, not Mr. Gardiner, who found Lydia and Wickham, and he persuaded Wickham to marry Lydia with a substantial wedding settlement—Darcy paid all of Wickham’s debts and bought him a commission in the army. Mrs. Gardiner implies that Darcy was motivated not only by a sense of responsibility but also out of love for Elizabeth. Elizabeth wants to believe her aunt’s supposition, but she questions whether Darcy could still have strong feelings for her.
… How would Darcy hooking up Lydia with Wickham have anything to do with Darcy’s love for Elizabeth? Especially if Elizabeth thinks that Lydia’s marriage to Wickham whould ruin any chances that she had with Darcy. Maybe I missed something, help me out! please and thank you!

Answers To Your Pressing Questions Here

xxblondiexx3 asked:


just tell me if it’s good or not
and please read it! how can i make it better??

Do you know how and for what reasons the first 13 colonies of North America were found? Many of us today don’t know why these colonies were established, but we should because it’s an extremely important event in history. Many of the first settlers in the North America came from England, they came for reasons such as these: wanted land to plant on, religious freedom, wanted to become rich or famous, needed a new beginning, wanted to escape paying debts and others. The first successful settlement was Jamestown, Virginia and then other colonies arose. The 13 colonies of North America are: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut (New England Colonies), New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania (Middle Colonies), Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia (Southern Colonies). Each of these colonies have different laws, government, religious beliefs, way of life and how they were set up.
First, lets talk about the New England Colonies and the first successful settlement Jamestown, Virginia. During the 1580s English had tried a couple of times to establish a colony on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, but their attempts failed. Later, The Virginia Company was developed, it was a joint-stock company. In December 1606 they began their journey and on April 1607 they entered the Chesapeake Bay. They named their new settlement Jamestown in honor of their king who granted them the right to organize settlement. The colony was build on a peninsula so it could defend itself from attack but many died do to disease, hard labor, weather and hunger. With the Virginian leader John Smith the colony survived 2 years, but it was later John Rolfe who learned how to grow tobacco and saved the colony. Virginia had made a great profit growing tobacco, then many others came to the colony and House of Burgesses was formed to let people have a say in their government. Groups of people came to the New England Colonies in order to find religious freedom. At that time many people disagreed with the practices of the Anglican Church and wanted to reform it, those people were called Puritans. Others who wanted to leave and set up their own churches were called Separatists (Pilgrims). Separatists were later persecuted in England which caused them to flee to Netherlands. They did not stay their long causing to lack of jobs, so they made an arrangement with the Virginia Company to settle in North America for free religious practice. One of the New England Colonies is Massachusetts. It was founded for religious freedom by John Carver, William Bradford and John Winthrop, and settled during 1620-1630. Second colony is New Hampshire, it was founded because of profit of trade and fish by Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason and settled in c.1620. Another colony is Rhode Island, which was founded for religious freedom by Roger Williams in 1636. Last of the colonies is Connecticut which was founded in 1635 by Thomas Hooker because of profit from fur trade, farming; religious and political freedom.
Second, the Middle Colonies, that also play a huge role. The first colony is New York, it was founded by the Dutch settlers in1624 to expand trade. The colony had a really an excellent harbor that the English wanted to acquire. So in 1664 they attacked and Peter Stuyvesant who was the governor surrendered because he was not prepared for the battle. King Charles II the gave this colony to his brother Duke of York, who renamed it New York. New York became a proprietary colony. Later, the colony became widely populated and demanded a representative government. The English government allowed New York to elect a legislature starting in 1691. A different colony is New Jersey, it was founded by John Berkeley and George Carteret during 1638 and gained profit from selling land. The colony did not gain much success and became a royal colony. Another colony is Delaware, it was founded by Swedish settlers in 1638 in order to expand trade. Last Middle Colony is Pennsylvania founded by William Penn in 1682 and gained profit by selling land/ religious freedom. Penn belonged to a Protestant group of dissenters called Quakers. They believed that everyone was equal in god’s view, had toleration towards other beliefs and were pacifists. Penn wrote the city’s first constitution and believed that settlers should pay for land(since it’s the Native America’s). He also encouraged others to come by advertising in different languages and granted the colonists the right to elect representatives to the legislative assembly.
Finally, The Southern Colonies that were founded for different reasons. The colony of Maryland was lead by Cecil Calvert son of George Calvert who always wanted to create a safe place for the Catholics. Cecil had sent two of his brothers to rule the colony when he gained it in1634. They at first turned to tobacco as the main crop knowing it saved Virginia, but planted corn as well. The city Baltimore founded in 1729 had became Maryland’s largest port and settlement. As you know there were conflicts between colonies and one was the boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania. It was soon resolved but another conflict arose when Calverts had welcomed Protestants in Maryland. As you know the colony of Virginia became very wealthy and it kept on growing. William Berkeley had made an agreement that for a piece of land he would keep his settlers out of the Native American lands. Nathaniel Bacon, a leader of the western part of Virginia did not agree. He and others had settled in Native American lands and set fire to the capital Jamestown. It was known as the greatest rebel ever. Bacon’s sudden illness and death was the only thing that kept him from taking charge of Virginia. A new proprietary colony was set up called Carolina. It was ruled by eight prominent members of kings court. They divided the colony and each ruled one part. John Locke was the one to write constitution for the colony. The people of the colonies disagreed and went they’re separate ways creating North Carolina and South Carolina. The Carolina’s was the colony who had many rice fields and more than half of the population were enslaved Africans. In 1729 the Carolinas became two royal colonies. The last colony and final colony is Georgia. It was founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe for religious freedom; protection against Spanish Florida and a safe home for debtors. This was a safe colony if you had not payed your debts.
In Conclusion, I hope that you understand how important it is to know about the history of these colonies and reasons for their findings. Each of the colony had something different about it and unique. Each colony also has different religions, crops, culture and clothing. This all depends on where and how the colony was developed. From this essay you should have learned who was the founder of the colony, why it was established and in what year it was set up.

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Nica asked:

Einfà ¼ hrung background: Definition range listing the Trucial states at Persian Gulf Kà ¼ ste gewährt the united Königreich control of à ¼ more ber its Verteidigungs-und Auà Ÿ enpolitik in 19. Century Verträge. In 1971, six of these states – Abu Zaby, & #39; Ajman, Al-Fudschaira, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm Al Qaywayn – folded up to the united Arab emirates (VAE). They came into 1972 of Ra& #39; s Al Khaymah. The united Arab emirates of the pro head Gross Domestic Products is on par with those fà ¼ the hrenden westeuropäischen Ländern. Its Groà Ÿ zà ¼ gigkeit regarding à – flax-taken and their gemäà Ÿ igten Auà Ÿ enpolitik attitude have, permit the united Arab emirates to play an important role in the affairs of the region. Geography situation: Definition range listing the Near East, borders on the gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia geographical coordinates: Definition range listing 24 00 N, 54 00 E the city plan: Definition range listing the Near East Fläche: Definition range listing order of rank entirely: 83,600 km  ² country: 83,600 km  ² water: 0 km  ² AREA – comparative: Definition range listing somewhat smaller than Maine country of boundaries: Definition range listing entirely: 867 km adjacent Länder: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km Kà ¼ ste: Definition range listing 1318 km maritime demands: Definition range listing Kà ¼ more stenmeer: 12 Nm zusammenhängende zone: 24 Nm ausschlieà Ÿ lichen economic zone: 200 Nm continental shelves: 200 Nm or to the edge of the continental margin climate: Definition range listing desert; Kà ¼ more hler into east mountains terrain: Definition range listing flat, meager Kà ¼ stenebene merging in rolling Sanddà ¼ the Wà ¼ ste groà Ÿ e à nen – dland; Mountains in the east Seehöhe extremes: Definition range listing lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m Höchster point: Jabal Yibir 1527 m Natà ¼ rliche resources: Definition range listing Erdöl, natural gas – Flächennutzung: Definition range listing field: 0.77% continuous cultures: 2.27% others: 96.96% (2005) Bewässerte Flächen: Definition range listing 760 km  ² (2003) altogether renewable water resources: Definition range listing incoming goods 0.2 km (1997) Sà ¼ à Ÿ dehydration (inland/industry/agriculture): Definition range listing entirely: 2/3 incoming goods km/year (23%/9%/68%) per head: 511 m incoming goods/year (2000) nature risks: Definition range listing häufige sand and dust Stà ¼ rme environment – current topics: Definition range listing lack on natà ¼ rlichen Sà ¼ à Ÿ water resources by desalination plants; Wà ¼ stenbildung; Beach contamination due to à – l environment – international agreements: Definition range listing a party: biological variety, climate change, climatic protection minutes of Kyoto, Wà ¼ stenbildung, Endangered Species, Gefährliche Abfälle, sea dumping, ozones Layer protection signs, but does not ratify: Law OF the Sea geography – note: Definition range listing strategic situation along sà ¼ dlichen Ansätze to the Straà Ÿ e von Hormuz, important point of transit fà ¼ an r Rohöl world   Government country name: Definition range listing Herkömmliche long form: Combined Arab emirates Herkömmliche short form: no restaurants long form: Al Imarat Al Arabiyah Al Muttahidah local short form: none frà ¼ ago: Trucial Oman, Trucial States of Abkà ¼ rzung: Combined Arab emirates government kind: Definition range listing Föderation with fixed powers to the united Arab emirates Federal Government and other powers reserve member of emirates capital: Definition range listing name: Abu Dhabi geographical coordinates: 24 28 N, 54 22 E Zeitunterschied: UTC-4 (9 hours further of Washington, DC während standard time) administrative departments: Definition range listing of 7 emirates (, Singular imarat – imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), & #39; Ajman, Al-Fudschaira, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra& #39; s Al Khaymah, Umm Al Qaywayn (Quwayn) Unabhängigkeit: Definition range listing 2 December 1971 (of Groà Ÿ britannien) national holiday: Definition range listing Independence Day, 2 December (1971) condition: Definition range listing 2 December 1971, manufactured 1996 in the ständigen legally system: Definition range listing is based on a binary system of the Scharia and the civilian courts; accepts mandatory ICJ does not have jurisdiction right to vote: Definition range listing no executive: Definition range listing boss of the national: Präsident KHALIFA is Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), rulers of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004); Vice President and prime ministers MUHAMMAD are Rashid Al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006) head of government: Ministerpräsident and Vice President MUHAMMAD are Rashid Al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006); deputy Ministerpräsidenten Sultan is Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990) and Hamdan is Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 20 October 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the Präsidenten reference: There is also a Federal court Council (FSC) unterstà ¼ tzt, the seven emirate ruler, the FSC is the höchste constitutional body Behörde in the united Arab emirates; general Maà places Ÿ took and sanctions Federal Law; times per year meets four; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) ruler à ¼ ber effective veto power elections: Präsident and Vice President of the FSC regulation fà ¼ r fà ¼ nf years gewählt (no borders term); Choice last held 3 November 2004 after the death of the united Arab emirates of the Grà ¼ more ndervater and first Präsident ZAYID is Sultan Al Nuhayyan (beside instead of in 2009); Ministerpräsidenten and deputy Ministerpräsidenten appointed by the Präsidenten of election results: KHALIFA is Zayid Al-Nuhayyan gewählten Präsidenten of a unanimous vote of the FSC; MUHAMMAD are bekräftigt Rashid Al-Maktum unanimously, Vice President after death 2006 of his brother sheikh Maktum are Rashid Al-Maktum legislation branch: Definition range listing single-chamber system federal one national Council (FNC) or Majlis Al-Ittihad Al-Watani (40 seats, 20 members appointed, who the regents in the member states, which gewählt 20 members, by two years gewählt) elections: Elections fà ¼ for r the Hälfte of the FNC (the other Hälfte remains appointed) held in the united Arab emirates 18-20 Decembers 2006; the new electoral law college – a mechanism 6689 Emiratis (einschlieà Ÿ lich the 1189 women) appointed, those the regents of the seven emirates – goods the only certified Wähler and candidates; 456 candidates einschlieà Ÿ lich 65 women ran fà ¼ r 20 contested FNC of seats, a female from the emirate Abu Dhabi won a seat reference: Evaluations legislation however ändern do not können or veto Judikative: Definition range listing union supreme Court (during the appointment of the judges by the Präsidenten) political parties and Fà ¼ more hrer: Definition range listing no political pressure groups and Fà ¼ more hrer: Definition range listing WELL internationally Organization participation: Definition range listing ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, I.C.A.O., ICC, ICCt (signer), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IWF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, Itso, International Telecommunication Union, READ, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCH, WHO, WIPO, WMO, World Trade Organization diplomatic agency in the USA: Definition range listing boss of the mission: Ambassador (free) chancellery: 3522 internationally Court size, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 243-2400 FAX: [1] (202) 243-2432 consulate (n): New York, Houston diplomatic agency from the USA: Definition range listing boss of the mission: Ambassador (free); Chargé d& #39; Affaires Martin R. QUINN message: Messages district, plot 38 second gate W59-02, Straà Ÿ e No. 4, Abu Dhabi postal address: P.O. box 4009, Abu Dhabi telephone: [971] (2) 414-2200 fax: [971] (2) 414-2603 consulate (n) general: Dubai flag description: Definition range listing equal three horizontal strips of grà ¼ n (above), weià Ÿ, black and with one gröà Ÿ eren vertical red volume on hissen page the   Economics combined Arab emirates at the beginning of the side economics – à œ berblick: Definition range listing the united Arab emirates has an open national economy with a high per capita income and a high jährlichen Handelsà ¼ berschuss. Despite to a large extent successful Bemà ¼ nearly 40% of the Gross Domestic Product hungen are still directly on the basis by à – l and gas to be spent around a diversification of the economy. Since the discovery the Arab emirates more than before 30 years, the united Arab emirates, united by à – l in, has a profound transformation of a region of the Wà become impoverished ¼ ste small Fà ¼ rstentà ¼ more mer to a modern state with high standard of living. The government has höhere expenditures on the creation of Arbeitsplätzen and infrastructure expansion and eröffnet distribution companies to one gröà Ÿ eren participation of the private sector. In April 2004, which united Arab emirates signs Handels-und investment Framework agreement with Washington and in November 2004 agreed upon, negotiations to a free trade agreement with the USA. To it, ausländische investors contribute the country of the Free trade Zones – with 100% ausländischem possession and zero taxes -. Höhere à – flax-taken, strong Liquidität, lack of dwelling, and gà ¼ nstigen credit in 2005-07 fà ¼ HR

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